LIDOCAINE → Xylocaine, Octocaine, Alphacaine
Rapid onset—2-3 min
2% plain -- pulpal 5-10min, soft tissue 60-120 min
2% + 1:50,000 Adr–pulpal 60min, soft t 3-5hrs--hemostasis
2% + 1:100,000 Adr–pulpal 60 min, soft t 3-5hrs—choice

Relative max dose – 4.4mg/kg
Absolute max dose –300mg

MEPIVACAINE →ISOCAINE, POLOCAINE, CARBOCAINE
Rapid onset—1.5-2min
3% plain—pulpal 20-60min, soft t 2-3hrs
2% + 1:200,000 Adr–pulpal 45-60min, soft t 2-4hrs
2% + 1:20,000 Levonordefrin–pulpal 60-90min

Relative max dose –4.4mg/kg
Absolute max dose – 300mg

PRILOCAINE → CITANEST, CITANEST FORTE
Slower onset –2-4 min
4%plain –pulpal 60min block, 10min infiltration
4% + 1:200,000 Adr – pulpal 60-90min, soft t 3-8hrs

Relative max dose –6mg/kg
Absolute max dose – 400mg
Relative contra: existing methemoglobinemia

BUPIVACAINE → MARCAINE
Slow onset –6-10 min
0.5% +1:200,000 Adr—pulpal 90-180 min, soft t 4-9hrs

Relative max dose – 1.3mg/kg
Absolute max dose –90mg

ARTICAINE → ULTRACAINE, SEPTANEST
Onset—2-3min
Diffuses through tissues better
4% + 1:200,000 –pulpal 45-60min, soft t 2-5hrs
4% + 1:100,000 –pulpal 60-75 min, soft t 3-6hrs

Relative max dose – 7 mg/kg
Absolute max dose – 500mg
Absolute contra: Sulfa allergy
Relative contra: existing methemoglobinemia, anemia, cardiac or respiratory failure evidenced by hypoxia

BENZOCAINE
Ester –PABA allergy
20% topical

VASOCONSTRICTORS
Contra: ↑ BP (>200/115),
C.V. disease, hyperthyroid

Max dose – 0.2mg/appt –healthy
                 -- 0.04mg/appt –cardio